Nombres contables e incontables
* Apple es un ejemplo de nombre contable, porque podemos contar manzanas, y por tanto tiene una forma singular y otra plural.
apple
three apples
Ejemplos de sustantivos contables:
apples, hamburgers, biscuits, chairs, cups
* Sin embargo, algunos cosas, por ejemplo liquidos, no pueden contarse y por ello no van normalmente en plural.
milk (No es posible `milks´)
Ejemplos de sustantivos incontables:
milk, soup, money, bread, cheese, meat, rice
`A´ y `an´
* `A´ y `an´ se emplean solo con sustantivos contables en el singular. Utilizamos `a´ delante de sonidos consonantes y `an´ delante de sonidos vocales.
a pen
an orange
a university
an umbrella
a chair
an apple
a house
an hour (la hache es muda)
Some
* Some se emplea con los sustantivos incontables y también con el plural de los contables, en frases afirmativas.
I´ve got some milk. (incontable)
She´s got some biscuits. (plural)
Any
* Any se emplea para sustantivos incontables y con el plural de los contables, en frases negativas y en preguntas.
I haven´t got any money. (incontable)
He hasn´t got any brothers. (plural)
Have we got any sugar? (incontable)
Are there any chairs? (plural)
El artículo definido `the´
* utilizamos the para referirnos a una cosa o persona específica.
* A diferencia del castellano, no se emplea the con sustantivos incontables ni con el plural de los sustantivos cuando hablamos de cosas en general. Tampoco lo utilizamos con el genitivo sajón (-´s)
I like cheese.
Me gusta el queso.
Tigers are dangerous.
Los tigres son peligrosos.
English is easy.
El ingles es fácil.
John´s leg.
La pierna de John.
Ejercicios
A ¿Son estos nombres contables (c) o incontables (u)?
1. water ____________
2. fruit ____________
3. coconut ____________
4. bread ____________
5. DVD ____________
6. meat ____________
7. ball ____________
8. snack ____________
9. glasses ____________
10. pen ____________
11. milk ____________
12. chair ____________
13. gasoline ____________
14. table ____________
15. cream ____________
16. money ____________
17. oil ____________
18. insect ____________
19. sofa ____________
20. yogurt ____________
21. school ____________
22. bus ____________
23. food ____________
24. chocolate ____________
25. ship ____________
Las respuestas correctas
1. water (U)
2. fruit (U)
3. coconut (C)
4. bread (U)
5. DVD (C)
6. meat (U)
7. ball (C)
8. snack (C)
9. glasses (C)
10. pen (C)
11. milk (U)
12. chair (C)
13. gasoline (U)
14. table (C)
15. cream (U)
16. money (U)
17. oil (U)
18. insect (C)
19. sofa (C)
20. yogurt (U)
21. school (C)
22. bus (C)
23. food (U)
24. chocolate (U)
25. ship (C)
B ¿`a´ o `an´ ? (Nombres contables)
1. ____________ uncle
2. ____________ hour
3. ____________ bus
4. ____________ dress
5. ____________ oven
6. ____________ beach
7. ____________ teacher
8. ____________ insect
9. ____________ taxi
10. ____________umbrella
11. ____________player
12. ____________eye
13. ____________castle
14. ____________artist
15. ____________river
16. ____________tent
17. ____________doctor
18. ____________exercise
19. ____________lady
20. ____________house
21. ____________envelope
22. ____________taxi
23. ____________idea
24. ____________computer
25. ____________chair
Las respuestas correctas
1. an uncle
2. an hour
3. a bus
4. a dress
5. an oven
6. a beach
7. a teacher
8. an insect
9. a taxi
10. an umbrella
11. a player
12. an eye
13. a castle
14. an artist
15. a river
16. a tent
17. a doctor
18. an exercise
19. a lady
20. a house
21. an envelope
22. a taxi
23. an idea
24. a computer
25. a chair
C. `a / an´, `some´ y `any´
1. Lisa´s got a / an towel.
2. Ana´s got a / some rucksack.
3. Lucía’s got an / some insect repellent.
4. Javi hasn´t got some / any sunglasses.
5. Antonio´s got a / some swimming costume.
6. Ignacio hasn´t got any / some sandwiches.
7. Angeles has got an / a apple.
8. There aren´t any / some cafés in the city.
9. I haven´t got any / some money.
10. Have you got some / any sun cream?
11. We´ve got some / any sandwiches.
12. We need a / an torch for our camping trip.
13. There isn´t some / any litter on the beach.
14. I´m going to buy any / an ice cream.
15. Can I have some / a strawberries?
16. You can have this cereal with some / a milk.
17. I´ve got any / some fruit.
18. There isn´t some / an elephant.
19. There aren´t some / any sharks.
20. Are there some / any plants?
21. Is there a / an tree?
22. Is there some / any cheese in the fridge?
23. There is a / some water in the fridge?
24. The supermarket´s got some / a strawberries.
25. I´ve got a / some soup in the fridge.
Las respuestas correctas
1. Lisa´s got a towel.
2. Ana´s got a rucksack.
3. Lucía’s got an insect repellent.
4. Javi hasn´t got any sunglasses.
5. Antonio´s got a swimming costume.
6. Ignacio hasn´t got any sandwiches.
7. Angeles has got an apple.
8. There aren´t any cafés in the city.
9. I haven´t got any money.
10. Have you got some sun cream?
11. We´ve got some sandwiches.
12. We need a torch for our camping trip.
13. There isn´t any litter on the beach.
14. I´m going to buy an ice cream.
15. Can I have some strawberries?
16. You can have this cereal with some milk.
17. I´ve got some fruit.
18. There isn´t an elephant.
19. There aren´t any sharks.
20. Are there any plants?
21. Is there a tree?
22. Is there any cheese in the fridge?
23. There is some water in the fridge?
24. The supermarket´s got some strawberries.
25. I´ve got some soup in the fridge.
D. `a / an´, `some´ y `any´
1. There isn´t _________ electricity at the campsite.
2. There aren´t _________ sunglasses in the shop.
3. I´ve got _________ apple in my bag.
4. There are _________ sandwiches.
5. I´ll buy _________ bottle of water at the beach.
6. I haven´t got _________ radios in my room.
7. Is there _________ internet café in your town?
8. There aren´t _________ computers in my classroom.
9. Have you got _________ brothers and sisters?
10. My teacher´s got _________ new car.
11. There´s _________ water in the bottle.
12. I´m going to buy _________ chips.
13. There is _________ camera.
14. She´s got _________ pear.
15. You can have _________ potatoes.
16. Have you got _________ lemons?
17. I´ve got _________ cherries.
18. We need _________ water.
19. We´ve got _________ bread.
20. We don´t need _________ strawberries.
21. Have we got _________ cheese?
22. Have you got _________ apple?
23. We need _________ banana.
24. I´ve got _________ orange juice.
25. They haven´t got _________ hamburgers.
Las respuestas correctas
1. There isn´t any electricity at the campsite.
2. There aren´t any sunglasses in the shop.
3. I´ve got an apple in my bag.
4. There are some sandwiches.
5. I´ll buy a bottle of water at the beach.
6. I haven´t got any radios in my room.
7. Is there an internet café in your town?
8. There aren´t any computers in my classroom.
9. Have you got any brothers and sisters?
10. My teacher´s got a new car.
11. There´s some water in the bottle.
12. I´m going to buy some chips.
13. There is a camera.
14. She´s got a pear.
15. You can have some potatoes.
16. Have you got any lemons?
17. I´ve got some cherries.
18. We need some water.
19. We´ve got some bread.
20. We don´t need any strawberries.
21. Have we got some cheese?
22. Have you got an apple?
23. We need a banana.
24. I´ve got some orange juice.
25. They haven´t got any hamburgers.
Fichas nombres contables e incontables
Las respuestas correctas